Realism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Realism - Essay Example Therefore, even if not a constant state of war, international relations would appear a state of â€Å"relentless security competition, with the possibility of war always in the background† (Mearsheimer, â€Å"The False Promiseâ€Å", 9). This paper examines the role of institutions in the system of international relations, most notably their capacity, or alternatively, incapacity to prevent war and foster stability, as perceived by the realist tradition; as well as the degree to which institutions actually contribute to cooperation in a realist world. 2. Realism and International Institutions There are between four and five major assumptions about the international system identified with realism, which actually denote the main lines of realist tradition and form the basis for the development of any hypothesis or theory (Viotti and Kauppi 55; Mearsheimer, â€Å"The False Promiseâ€Å", 10). ... at stipulate the ways in which states should cooperate and compete with each other†, prescribing acceptable forms of state’s behavior, as well as the unacceptable ones; while other definitions encompass virtually all of international relations, i.e. from tariff bindings to war (â€Å"The False Promiseâ€Å", 8). According to Young, however, the latter is too broad a definition for a meaningful concept (cited in Mearsheimer 8). Realists, in turn, recognize that states operate – at least sometimes – through institutions (Mearsheimer, â€Å"The False Promiseâ€Å", 13). Insofar as in non-hierarchic political orders each political actor, i.e. state, must count on its own resources to realize its interests, and order is not imposed by a higher authority, but rather arises from the interactions between formally equal political partners, institutions – as understood by Mearsheimer (see above) – inevitably reflect states’ calculations of se lf-interest (Waltz 107; Donnelly 17; Mearsheimer, â€Å"The False Promiseâ€Å", 13). Thus, according to realism, the most powerful states in the international system â€Å"create and shape institutions so that they can maintain their share of world power, or even increase it†; hence institutions largely mirror the distribution of power within the system (Mearsheimer, â€Å"The False Promiseâ€Å", 13). Or in other words, institutions are regarded as â€Å"arenas for acting out power relationships† (Mearsheimer, â€Å"The False Promiseâ€Å", 13). Assuming that states are the principal actors in the international system, institutions – as a set of rules defining states’ behavior – are negotiated by states and inevitably entail the mutual acceptance of higher norms, â€Å"defined in terms of rights and obligations† (Mearsheimer, â€Å"The False Promiseâ€Å",

Labor mobility Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Labor mobility - Research Paper Example Frank Barry said that in the Harris-Todaro approach, perfect labor mobility is assumed (Fodders and Langhammer, 2006 p. 37). Here, migration utilizes utility across locations and it results to complete depopulation. This kind of perfect mobility yields a restrictive result, however, outside options will be held constant, the individuals welfare will be affected. To have a simpler model, let us consider Ehrenberg’s and Smith’s (2003) definition of mobility as an investment with costs at the start in exchange for future earnings or returns in the long run. The mobility decision is influenced by the benefits that will be acquired minus the costs of moving. Ehrenberg and Smith (2003) mentioned that the theory of human capital predicts the direction of migratory flows among workers. Labor will move to economies that offer higher earnings but this does not imply that their place origin has the worst opportunities available. Wage differential is one the reasons that labor migr ation occur. Table 1. Educational Attainment of Persons Going Out of the United States: 2009 to 2010 Educational Attainment Total Not a high school graduate 109,000 High school graduate 87,000 Some college or AA degree 76,000 Bachelor’s degree 166,000 Prof. or graduate degree 122,000 Persons age 1-24 385,000 Source: U.S. Bureau of Census, Geographical Mobility: 2009-2010, Table 1, http://www.census.gov/hhes/migration/data/cps/cps2010.html Education is the best determinant as to who will move within an age group (Ehrenberg and Smith, 2003). As we can see from Table 1, people having a bachelor’s degree are more likely to go abroad. With globalization and the continued advancement of technology, looking for job opportunities abroad will be easier especially for persons with a college degree or higher. They are considered as high-skilled laborers (Vinokur, 2006) belonging to the professional, technical, and kindred or related workers (Martin, Abella, and Kuptsch, 2006 p. 5 5). Radcliffe (2009) cited several ways how immigration could affect a recipient country’s economy. First, there will be an increase supply of labor. The arrival of migrant workers will increase the total labor supply of the recipient country. If labor demand will not increase, the increase in labor supply will result to a decrease in wage rates. Also, if available jobs will remain the same, the rise of labor supply will result to unemployment. There is also a positive effect that is brought about by immigration to the host country since some laborers added have specialized skills. These skills will contribute to the increase of productivity in their areas of concern. Most economists perceive that having immigrants will be beneficial to the country of origin for three reasons (Martin et al, 2006 p58). First, production loss especially in boom sectors will be minimized since the migrants can work on the vacant jobs until more local workers are trained. Second, they can increas e the diversity of work teams contributing to the increase of productivity. Lastly, they can hold down wage increases in their concerned sectors. Though this can be can be considered a loss to the local workers, this can be beneficial to the local populace since this would also imply that the price of the services they provide will still be easier to pay. In the perspective of the country of origin, the movement of their labor force outside the country is viewed in another manner. Brain drain

Water Report on Jakarta Essay Example for Free

Water Report on Jakarta Essay I am writing to you regarding water supplies for the residents in Jakarta. There are shortages of clean water around the area and residents have to walk miles away to get water for their businesses and family. However the local people want something closer so they don’t have to travel that extra mile. There are two options in which we can help there people in Jakarta: Option one is having a Global water company. (Global Water Company is when you have a contract and you pay for the amount of water you use. ) Option two is having water co-operative. (Water co-operative is when the members are the owners and they have the have a voice in the control of the organization, and the majority of the rules.) Having visited Jakarta I outline the benefits and drawbacks for residents and businesses. A mother, Andina Hamid has to travel miles for clean water for food, bathing, cleaning and so on. An ice-cream seller, Ali Firhand needs water for his businesses for making the ice-cream and also needs water for his family. One time Ali was unable to get hold of clean water and so he had no chose but to make his ice-cream with to water otherwise he would loose his businesses, however the next day all his costumers had complaints about stomach problems due to unclean water. Wisnu Wijaya is a food and drinks seller and she also needs clean water for her food and for hygiene. She needs clean water to make her food and drinks. However if she doesn’t have clean water so she would loose her costumers and loose her business. Finally a business man, Reynard Hanoppo who runs a furniture shop, has more than enough water. He has running taps at home and he has a swimming pool and was never short of water. The advantages and drawbacks for option one, the Global Water Company for the people above are: Andina Hamid who is mother would benefit from the Global Water Company because it would provide Andina and her family with fresh clean water and would improve health and hygiene conditions. However she would suffer when her contract with the company expires and she wouldn’t have anything to turn on to. Ali Firhand, an ice-cream seller would gain from the Global Water Company because it can work with local residents to improve health conditions and would provide him with clean water. However the same goes for him when the water company’s contract expires there may be problems to face with keeping the water system going. Wisnu Wijaya, a food and drinks seller would benefit from the company because she would only pay for the amount of water she uses and it would be safe as she knows it is clean. However it is a disadvantage as well because private water companies could take on the costs of laying the pipes and connecting to the homes to it main pipes and this may increase the cost. Reynard Hanoppo, a business man would benefit from the Global water company because the more water he uses the cheaper I would be, so piped water would be particularly good news for people who have a lot of water. However the same goes for him when the water company’s contract expires. The advantages and drawbacks for option two, the Water Co-operative for the residents in Jakarta are: Andina Hamid who is mother would benefit from the Water Co-operative because it would the people in Jakarta may get along better if they work together as part of a co-operative. However the commercial taps would be more expressive because you would have to dig massive holes in the ground for the pipes to carry the water to the homes. Ali Firhand, an ice-cream seller would gain from the Water Co-operative because it would be easier to look after and it would be good for the future. Though Ali may have to boil the water to kill the germs and bacteria so he could use the water for his ice-cream. Wisnu Wijaya, a food and drinks seller would benefit from the Water Co-operative because it would last longer and it is stronger. She also knows she will never get let down by the Water Co-operative than she might do with the Global Water company if her contract expires with them. However she may have to pay more for the water if she wants taps and so on. Reynard Hanoppo, a business man would benefit from the Water Co-operative because there would be water there for him 24 hours a day, through some of his water may be unclean and could get ill from it.   Keeping the things above in mind my suggestion are on the Global Water Company would be beneficial in the interest of Jakarta people. As a weakness of water cooperation could be that the mass of members may lose interest in running the organization and let a small group take it over and manage it for their own benefit. Also with the Global Water Company you would have no worries as there would always be 100% of clean water unlike the co-operative. The only drawback being is the renewal of the contract, however there is always going to be a demand of water.

David Lachapelle Essay -- Biography Biographies Bio

David LaChapelle is an incredible, modern photographer. He combines celebrities with the bizarre. His photography is unique, charged with sexual imagery, and provides a unique view on people you see in the media, today. I chose an article from American Photo, May/June 2003, as the basis of my research paper on David LaChapelle. The magazine has a nice design. It is easy to read the print, and the titles of topics are always visible. You won't turn a page and have to take a minute to figure out what is going on, on that page. Although there are many ads in the magazine, I suppose that one shouldn't expect any less; they're mainly ads for photography-type companies and such. This issue is still plentiful in articles, starting off with a page on Henri Cartier-Bresson. As I skim through American Photo, I finally come to an article on "The 25 Most Important Photographers Now." There's a nice introduction on the first page, about what this article is about, and on the bottom-left corner it starts with the first photographer in the list, Gilles Bensimon. The article has a nice layout, including a picture by each photographer and their name headlined above or below, and each photographer also has a good-sized paragraph about himself or herself. Many, many pages into the "top 25," David LaChapelle finally appears. The bottom half of the page shows LaChapelle's photograph, "Facial," which was taken for Italian Vogue in 2001 ("David LaChapelle"). The paragraph written about him starts off with a self-explanation of his photography: " My pictures are escapist. For me, pictures are fantasies. At the same time, they're a document of our time." The article goes on to explain his photography with more detail, and basically fin... ... plays a major part. The pattern adds to the absurdity of the two girls; their expressions are both totally different. It's actually really hard to tell what this picture is even supposed to be about exactly, but I guess I just love all the colors and the beautifulness of the photograph as a whole. The use of color is an important aspect in David LaChapelle's photography. He uses saturation to a very high extent. As far as almost making his photography seem dreamlike. I think it's beautiful, and I love the bright colors he uses. Even though he may use a lot of computer manipulation, I think LaChapelle's photography shows a distinct honesty throughout his photography. He still shows what is real, but he dramatizes it and puts it in your face. Overall, David LaChapelle is a wonderful photographer, and is obviously continuing to develop his skills as an artist. David Lachapelle Essay -- Biography Biographies Bio David LaChapelle is an incredible, modern photographer. He combines celebrities with the bizarre. His photography is unique, charged with sexual imagery, and provides a unique view on people you see in the media, today. I chose an article from American Photo, May/June 2003, as the basis of my research paper on David LaChapelle. The magazine has a nice design. It is easy to read the print, and the titles of topics are always visible. You won't turn a page and have to take a minute to figure out what is going on, on that page. Although there are many ads in the magazine, I suppose that one shouldn't expect any less; they're mainly ads for photography-type companies and such. This issue is still plentiful in articles, starting off with a page on Henri Cartier-Bresson. As I skim through American Photo, I finally come to an article on "The 25 Most Important Photographers Now." There's a nice introduction on the first page, about what this article is about, and on the bottom-left corner it starts with the first photographer in the list, Gilles Bensimon. The article has a nice layout, including a picture by each photographer and their name headlined above or below, and each photographer also has a good-sized paragraph about himself or herself. Many, many pages into the "top 25," David LaChapelle finally appears. The bottom half of the page shows LaChapelle's photograph, "Facial," which was taken for Italian Vogue in 2001 ("David LaChapelle"). The paragraph written about him starts off with a self-explanation of his photography: " My pictures are escapist. For me, pictures are fantasies. At the same time, they're a document of our time." The article goes on to explain his photography with more detail, and basically fin... ... plays a major part. The pattern adds to the absurdity of the two girls; their expressions are both totally different. It's actually really hard to tell what this picture is even supposed to be about exactly, but I guess I just love all the colors and the beautifulness of the photograph as a whole. The use of color is an important aspect in David LaChapelle's photography. He uses saturation to a very high extent. As far as almost making his photography seem dreamlike. I think it's beautiful, and I love the bright colors he uses. Even though he may use a lot of computer manipulation, I think LaChapelle's photography shows a distinct honesty throughout his photography. He still shows what is real, but he dramatizes it and puts it in your face. Overall, David LaChapelle is a wonderful photographer, and is obviously continuing to develop his skills as an artist.

Humanities Chap 14

1. This German Augustinian friar made the first dramatic act of the Protestant Reformation by issuing the invitation to debate indulgences issued in 1517 in Wittenberg. A) Luther B) Knox C) Wyclif D) Hus Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):A 2. In which country was John Calvin the leader of the Reformation? A) Geneva B) Zurich C) Vienna D) Madrid Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):A 3. Which of these countries remained faithful to Roman Catholicism during the Reformation? A) England B) Sweden C) Austria D) Switzerland Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):C 4.This man translated the Bible into German in 1521. A) Luther B) Erasmus C) James I D) Zwingli Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):A 5. This group created the Index of forbidden books in the 1500s. A) Roman Catholic Church B) Anabaptists C) Puritans D) Calvinists Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):A 6. Our modern form of the essay is rooted in the short meditative writings of this author. A) More B) Montaigne C) Cervantes D) Petrarch Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):B 7. Much of Durer's greatest work is done in this medium. A) oil painting B) woodcut C) fresco D) watercolorPoints Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):B 8. Bosch's Garden of Earthly Delights is an example of a: A) fresco. B) watercolor. C) oil painting. D) triptych. Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):D 9. This artist is best known for his paintings of peasant life in the 1560s. A) Bruegel B) Bernini C) Rubens D) Giotto Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):A 10. The type of speech is delivered by an actor alone on stage or unheard by others and is used to reveal the character's inner feelings. A) soliloquy B) burin C) requiem D) aria Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):A 11.This artist painted portraits of prospective brides for England's Henry VIII. A) Hilliard B) Holbein the Younger C) Grunewald D) Durer Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):B 12. To whom is â€Å"A Mighty Fortress I s Our God† most frequently attributed? A) Zwingli B) Calvin C) Knox D) Luther Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):D 13. This man first introduced the printing press into England. A) Bosch B) Calvin C) Durer D) Caxton Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):D 14. What term is used to identify the spectators who stood in the pit as they viewed a performance of an Elizabethan play?A) groundlings B) soliloquies C) burins D) treatises Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):A 15. Which language was used in written form for the first time in translating the Bible? A) Greek B) Sanskrit C) Latin D) Finnish Points Earned:0. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):D 16. To which nation of the British Isles did John Knox spread Calvinism? A) Ireland B) Wales C) England D) Scotland Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):D 17. The burin is associated with which artistic technique? A) woodcut B) fresco C) triptych D) watercolor Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):A 8. Which country is m ost closely associated with Martin Luther's initiation of the Protestant Reformation? A) England B) Italy C) Germany D) Spain Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):C 19. This artist is best known for his miniatures, small portraits often painted in watercolors. A) Durer B) Grunewald C) Hilliard D) Holbein the Younger Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):C 20. This Polish astronomer asserted that the planets revolve around the sun rather than the earth. A) Galileo B) Copernicus C) Newton D) Erasmus Points Earned:5. 0/5. 0 Correct Answer(s):B

Essay Michael Ondaatje’s The English Patient - 2406 Words

Michael Ondaatje’s The English Patient World War II was a traumatic and life-changing experience for all who lived through the time period. Michael Ondaatje’s novel, The English Patient is set in the direct aftermath of this turbulent and violent era. Each of his characters is effected by the death and violence that go hand in hand with war; Hana in particular is profoundly changed by her experience as a nurse in an Italian hospital. Hana is a woman in ruins, both physically and mentally; by looking at her experiences with death and her relationships to the English Patient, Kip, and her surroundings, she can be seen as a representative of the victims of war, a complex human face on the backdrop of the†¦show more content†¦He also recalls an incident that hints to the future of her fears and doubts. He recalls that she was in the hospital to have her tonsils removed and she threw a fit when the operation was to begin and that â€Å"this, the most adaptable and genial of children, suddenly turned into a stone of refusal, adamant† (Ondaatje 30). Caravaggio thinks the incident an odd one, but it reflects her future fear of death. In his book, Richard Schulz, a scholar specializing in grief and the psychology of death, says that humans fear death because of the fear of not being, and that â€Å"the idea of nothingness can arouse anxiety so general that it influences our entire lives† (Schulz 20). Hana’s refusal to have her tonsils removed is not just a silly childish fear, but one that reflects her deep-rooted fear of death; it is a hint of what is to come. She will base her entire life on her fear/aversion to death after the war. When traumatic events happen to Hana, her fear of death is aroused, and it affects her deeply and psychologically. A normal twenty year old â€Å"girl†, Hana is traumatized by the death and violence she experiences as a nurse in the second World War. She is profoundly affected by the deaths of three loved ones and by the deaths of anonymous strangers who pass through her life daily. The first of these traumatic experiences is the separation from her family. Sibela Zvizdic, a Hungarian psychiatristShow MoreRelatedEssay on Michael Ondaatjes The English Patient971 Words   |  4 PagesMichael Ondaatjes The English Patient The limited character in Michael Ondaatje’s novel, The English Patient, was Almà ¡sy. Almà ¡sy was a man who was burned from head to toe, and whose identity is unrecognizable thus making him a limited character. The novel takes place in a villa where the man was being taken care of by Hana, a young nurse who stayed behind to take care of Almà ¡sy while the rest of the nurses escaped to a safer place to stay. 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How to Use a Highlighter to Improve Your Grades

Highlighters are a modern invention. But marking up or annotating texts is as old as published books. Thats because the process of marking, highlighting, or annotating a text can help you to understand, remember, and make connections. The better you understand the text, the more effectively youll be able to use what youve read in arguments, debates, papers, or tests. Tips for Highlighting and Annotating Your Text Remember: the point of using a highlighter is to help you understand, remember, and make connections. That means youll need to actually think about what youre highlighting because you pull out the marker. Youll also, of course, need to be sure that the text youre highlighting belongs solely to you. If its a library book or a textbook youll be returning or reselling, pencil markings are a better choice. Highlighting willy-nilly is a waste of time. If you read a text and highlight everything that seems important, you’re not reading effectively. Everything in your text is important, or it would have been edited out before publication. The problem is that individual parts of your text are important for different reasons.You must determine what parts are important when it comes to the learning process, and determine those as worthy of highlighting. Without a plan for highlighting, you are simply colorizing your text. Before you start to read, remind yourself that some of the statements in your text will contain main points (facts/claims), and other statements will describe, define, or back up those main points with evidence. The first things you should highlight are the main points.Annotate while you highlight. Use a pencil or pen to make notes as you highlight. Why is this point important? Does it connect to another point in the text or to a related reading or lecture? Annotatio n will help you as you review your highlighted text and use it to write a paper or prepare for a test.Don’t highlight on the first reading. You should always read your school material at least twice. The first time you read, you will create a framework in your brain. The second time you read, you build upon this foundation and begin to really learn.Read your segment or chapter the first time to understand the basic message or concept. Pay close attention the titles and subtitles and read the segments without marking your pages at all.Highlight on the second reading. The second time you read your text, you should be prepared to identify the sentences that contain main points. You’ll realize that the main points are conveying the main points that support your titles and subtitles.Highlight other information in a different color. Now that you have identified and highlighted the main points, you can feel free to highlight other material, like lists of examples, dates, and other supporting information, but use a different color. Once you have highlighted the main points in a specific color and back-up information with another, you should use the highlighted words to create outlines or practice tests.