How to Use a Highlighter to Improve Your Grades

Highlighters are a modern invention. But marking up or annotating texts is as old as published books. Thats because the process of marking, highlighting, or annotating a text can help you to understand, remember, and make connections. The better you understand the text, the more effectively youll be able to use what youve read in arguments, debates, papers, or tests. Tips for Highlighting and Annotating Your Text Remember: the point of using a highlighter is to help you understand, remember, and make connections. That means youll need to actually think about what youre highlighting because you pull out the marker. Youll also, of course, need to be sure that the text youre highlighting belongs solely to you. If its a library book or a textbook youll be returning or reselling, pencil markings are a better choice. Highlighting willy-nilly is a waste of time. If you read a text and highlight everything that seems important, you’re not reading effectively. Everything in your text is important, or it would have been edited out before publication. The problem is that individual parts of your text are important for different reasons.You must determine what parts are important when it comes to the learning process, and determine those as worthy of highlighting. Without a plan for highlighting, you are simply colorizing your text. Before you start to read, remind yourself that some of the statements in your text will contain main points (facts/claims), and other statements will describe, define, or back up those main points with evidence. The first things you should highlight are the main points.Annotate while you highlight. Use a pencil or pen to make notes as you highlight. Why is this point important? Does it connect to another point in the text or to a related reading or lecture? Annotatio n will help you as you review your highlighted text and use it to write a paper or prepare for a test.Don’t highlight on the first reading. You should always read your school material at least twice. The first time you read, you will create a framework in your brain. The second time you read, you build upon this foundation and begin to really learn.Read your segment or chapter the first time to understand the basic message or concept. Pay close attention the titles and subtitles and read the segments without marking your pages at all.Highlight on the second reading. The second time you read your text, you should be prepared to identify the sentences that contain main points. You’ll realize that the main points are conveying the main points that support your titles and subtitles.Highlight other information in a different color. Now that you have identified and highlighted the main points, you can feel free to highlight other material, like lists of examples, dates, and other supporting information, but use a different color. Once you have highlighted the main points in a specific color and back-up information with another, you should use the highlighted words to create outlines or practice tests.

Effect of Marijuana Essay - 1777 Words

Abstract: In America Marijuana has been a topic of debate for many years. Many people of society and even the national government have expressed strong against the uses of marijuana. They view Marijuana as a drug that causes people to act against rules that has been set by society. However they fail to look at the positive benefits that can come from the uses of marijuana which actually have been proven by researchers to have positive benefits when it comes to the well being of people. Even Doctor has found ways that marijuana could be of good use in the medical field. On the contrary they have yet to provide evidence to show how marijuana is a direct cause to violence or even corrupt behavior in society. So the question is†¦show more content†¦Marijuana has been shown to increase appetite and food intake after smoking. This information is useful particularly for HIV infected patients who are at risk for opportunistic infections, enteric infections leading to malabsorption, and decre ased caloric intake. These risk factors can lead to decrease in appetite, cachexia, and weight loss (Clinical Uses of Marijuana, 2010). Before pain relievers pills doctor would prescribe marijuana to help patients to deal with different pains. This shows that marijuana can be used to help people from suffering with sever pains. Cannabinoids were shown to inhibit tumor angiogenesis in mice with gliomas by reducing the expression of various vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway-related genes. The cannabinoids work by increasing the potency of a fat molecule known as ceramide. Increased ceramide activity, in turn, inhibits cells that would normally produce vascular endothelial growth factor and encourage blood vessel growth. Because blockade of the vascularShow MoreRelatedMarijuana And Its Effects On Marijuana1216 Words   |  5 PagesBiology 101 Marijuana and Its Effects Marijuana is a type of medication produced by using the dried blossoms and leaves of the hemp plant. There is a large debate in the United States of America on whether marijuana should be legalized; Marijuana is the most used illegal drug in the USA (Klein, 2005). Marijuana is useful as it has been utilized and made legitimate in part of a few states despite the fact that there are numerous critics of these recent activities. The uses of Marijuana have beenRead MoreEffect of Marijuana3829 Words   |  16 Pagesof marijuana, whether excessive or not, has different effects to the health of individuals that eventually affects the community as a whole† I. INTRODUCTION a. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY i. Definition ii. History 1. Laws of bills II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION b. Interpretation of collected data iii. Reception of people towards marijuana 2. Positive perspective 3. Negative perspective 4. Effects of marijuana Read MoreMarijuana: Cause and Effect1064 Words   |  5 PagesStephen Tracey Professor Curran English 101 10 November 2011 Marijuana: Cause and Effect Today in America, millions of American citizens are both confused and outraged by the fact that there are still laws that are preventing people from using one of the most popular and controversial, illegal substances in the world: marijuana. According to recent polls, fifty percent of Americans want marijuana to be completely legal and decriminalized (Blodget), and a whopping eighty percent of AmericansRead MoreEffects Of Marijuana On The Body1495 Words   |  6 PagesNumber: 2015009001 The Effects of Marijuana on the Body Marijuana is considered in popular culture to be a widely accepted mainstream recreational illegal drug used in the United States; its use comes with severe adverse side effects that are often overlooked. Long-Term use of marijuana sis shown to have negative effects on physical, mental, and environmental health. Studies have shown that in the United States, up to 20% of daily marijuana users become dependent (Marijuana and Lung Health) showingRead MoreThe Effects of Marijuana Essay1259 Words   |  6 Pagesthink smoking marijuana is cool. They might try it without knowing what it is or what affects is has on you. Once someone smokes it for the first time, they might keep doing it again and again and they could get hooked on it for life. People who use marijuana usually never use any other type of illegal drugs, but more than seven thousand five hundred people get arrested for using marijuana every year. There is a wide variety of marijuana, but they are all based off of two marijua na plants, IndicaRead MoreEffects Of Marijuana On The Medical Side Of Marijuana1856 Words   |  8 PagesThroughout the years the medical side of marijuana has been a big controversy. Recent studies and research show a promising outlook on the uses of medicinal cannabis. Cannabis oil is a new recent cultivating development and has many uses that shed positivity. The outlook is popular and promising, so what does that say about our future? There are many benefits when it comes to the medical use of cannabis. The main known form is cannabis oil. This is the oil that is extracted using a solvent from theRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Marijuana861 Words   |  4 Pages Marijuana is sweeping the nation. How might this affect people’s everyday lives? Is the progression on legalization a good thing or a bad thing? In order to answer that, the people must first consider the health effects of the consumer and the economic effects of the nation. Marijuana could have both positive and negative effects on the health of the user and the economy. While marijuana does indeed have some health benefits, it also has many adverse health effects and can lead to severalRead MoreNegative Effects Of Marijuana1612 Words   |  7 Pages What is marijuana? What is it made of? Why is cannabis still illegal in certain states? Why does marijuana have so many names? Where do the names come from? What is the marijuana culture and how do they celebrate? How is marijuana beneficial? All these questions roaming through people’s mind. Cannabis is a green mixture of the dried, shredded leaves and flowers of Cannabis sativa. People usually smoke marijuana in hand-rolled cigarettes called joints or cigars called blunts, or in a pipe, orRead MoreThe Harmuful Effects of Marijuana787 Words   |  3 Pages In 2006, A Drug Free Worlds The Harmful Effects of Marijuana† emerged in the media. ADFW reasons that marijuana is harmful in numerous ways, including cerebral damage and debilitation to the immune system. Throughout the article, they also try to persuade the reader that cannabis is a gateway drug that undoubtedly leads the users into much harder drugs. When reading this article, one must consider that research to s upport anything can be found if one searches hard enough, but without a doubtRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana Effects1569 Words   |  7 PagesLegalization of Marijuana Effects Growing up, everybody is informed that, Drugs are terrible for you, time and time again. Now as a child you don t generally comprehend the thinking behind it, however you listen to your power figure regardless. I was told this my whole life and even to this very day. However, as I got more prepared I comprehended that people would regardless utilize calms notwithstanding the way that it s illicit. I could never appreciate why someone would struggle with

A first person narrator is always an unreliable narrator Free Essays

‘Enduring Love’ is written using a first person narrator, with the exception of one chapter where Joe chooses to tell the story from Clarissa’s point of view. A first person narrator could be considered unreliable for many reasons, including the opinionated view given on everything around them and the fact that they have limited knowledge of what other characters think and do. A first person narrator could also, however, give a more in depth view into characters’ interiors and allow for a more detailed account of events. We will write a custom essay sample on A first person narrator is always an unreliable narrator or any similar topic only for you Order Now A first person narrator’s account of a scene could be considered ore reliable because they were present and were therefore able to notice details that an omniscient narrator may miss or omit. A particular point of view, such as Joe’s scientific view on everything, may bring clarity to a situation, especially if written in the past tense so that the character has had time to ‘sort out their thoughts’. This is the case in Joe’s description of the initial balloon incident, which includes detailed description of the action as well as of the preceding events and their relevance to the present action. Joe’s insistence on the importance of his decisions in the later utcome makes the reader realise the severity of the situation, and perhaps pick up more hints or subtle details which will become relevant later in the story and make more sense of later events. A first person narrator, being a character in the story, has more knowledge of other characters in the story than an omniscient narrator might. This may allow for two things: Firstly, despite being a first person narrative, the narrator’s interactions with other characters in the story may allow the later account of the story to be told including a different character’s point of view. This could allow or a better overview of the situation, as is the case first for the balloon incident and then for Joe and Clarissa’s argument. It allows for a less biased yet more in depth view of the situation. Secondly, the narrator’s understanding of characters’ personalities could allow for better interpretation of their actions than an omniscient narrator’s objective view on goings-on. Joe interprets Clarissa’s actions, hereby giving the reader a more realistic and true view of her character than if the reader was left to interpret without this ‘inside knowledge’. The first person narrator here allows for deeper and truer-to-life characterisation of both himself and certain characters around him. Bias and opinion are the main arguments that speak for a first person narrator’s unreliability. While the narrator’s interpretations of action may be helpful, they may also be flawed or influenced by opinion as they lack the knowledge of an omniscient narrator. This is particularly noteworthy in Joe’s descriptions of Jed Parry’s gestures and actions, which may be heavily influenced by his knowledge of Jed’s intentions at the time of writing. He may effectively be ‘beating Parry at his own ame’ by reading into things too much in retrospect and finding hidden meanings and intentions when at the time he may not have paid much attention to them. A first person narrator’s storytelling will also inevitably be influenced by their own habits analysis of situations. Due to his â€Å"stripping down† of events, the overall meaning and picture may be lost in scientific analogies and facts. As Joe says himself, narrative may cloud Judgement, and as he begins to tell the story the lines between imagination and reality may blur while attempting to remember details of events. Furthermore, a first person narrator will not have full knowledge of action going on away from them simultaneously, and therefore the reader will not have knowledge of the full story until it is revealed to the narrator and open to his interpretation before telling it. Finally, in terms of characterisation, while a first person narrator may allow deeper insights into characters they lack all-around knowledge of characters’ thoughts and feelings. This may cause false interpretations based on personal opinions and relationships. Overall, a first person narrator may allow an insightful, ivid view of a story, with interesting opinions and interpretations of situations and characters. As long as the reader is given enough accurate information to make their own opinions in retrospect, a first person narrator’s opinions can allow powerful characterisation and bring the story to life. As a character in the story, the narrator can reliably convey information from a first person point of view, and their position inside the story allows them an up-close view of the action. A first person narrator can make a reliable narrator, provided that the reader maintains an open mind and is able to differentiate between reality and opinion. How to cite A first person narrator is always an unreliable narrator, Papers

Case Study Conflict of Interest

Question: Discuss about theCase Studyfor Conflict of Interest. Answer: Introduction: Case study discusses about the conflict of interest arising from the response made to the IT department regarding the acquisition of resource planning system. Offer has been made by to two companies A and B. Offer made by company B is better than made by company A. However, offer made by company B is from general manager of company, who is Hardeeps friend. Company Bs software would eventually increase total cost as compared to company As software. The particular situation causes an ethical issue as Hardeep is in dilemma due to the proposal made by Mandeep regarding software acquisition. Discussion: In order to resolve this situation of ethical dilemma, the following values from ACS code of ethics should be followed and they are as follows: Honesty- concerning the scenario of case study 2, organization should be adhered societal values as being honest. This means that it will not knowingly mislead potential clients about the suitability of services or products (ACS - The Professional Association for Australia's ICT sector 2017). Competence- Organization will work diligently and competently for stakeholders. Public interest- It would raise any potential conflicts arising between your professional activity and legal or any other accepted public requirements with stakeholders (Bowern and Burmeister 2013). Professionalism- This values involves taking action against members who is involved in any behavior that is contrary to this code. Employees would refrain from getting involved in any activities that would tarnish their professional image and detract from good name of Australian Code of conduct (Section 5: Conflict of Interest APSC 2017). List of Relevant Australian Legislation Applying to above Scenario: The Australian Public service Code of conduct - This legislation requires the employees of any organization to take possible steps for avoiding any arising from conflict of interest arising in relation with their employment. Therefore, Hardeep should take necessary steps while acquiring an enterprise resource planning and it should in the best interest of company. Legislations concerning disclosing material interest is also applicable to this scenario. If Hardeep is not able to avoid material personal interest, then for proper management it must be disclosed. Disclosure is intended to ensure that any personal interest of employees are well known to head of agencies (Leicester 2016). This also includes any relationship of employees, which might be seen as improperly influencing duties of employees. Recommendation: Employee should have a thoughtful consideration of fundamental principles in order to address ethical dilemma, rather than relying blindly on detailed regulations. All these principles should influence employees to consider broadly, who is affected by work. The demanding and dynamic software concept requires a code that is relevant, viable and adaptable to circumstances they are occurring. However, the code in general provides platform for acquiring software and IT manager requires to take positive actions in specific case by documentation of ethical instance of profession. In this case, if it is evident that decision made by employee has been compromised due to personal interest, then the situation should be handled as suspected misconduct. In addition to these, arrangement should be made by organization to manage the conflict. In this case, it is also recommended to reassign the duties and making employees stand aside from relevant decisions. Reference: ACS - The Professional Association for Australia's ICT sector. (2017).Acs.org.au. Retrieved 22 February 2017, from https://www.acs.org.au/home.html Section 5: Conflict of Interest - APSC. (2017). [online] Apsc.gov.au. Available at: https://www.apsc.gov.au/publications-and-media/current-publications/aps-values-and-code-of-conduct-in-practice/conflict-of-interest [Accessed 22 Feb. 2017]. Leicester, N., 2016. Ethics in the IT Profession: Does a Code of Ethics have an Effect on Professional Behaviour?. Bowern, M. and Burmeister, O.K., 2013. 14. Business benefits from keeping codes of ethics up to date.Professionalism in the Information and Communication Technology Industry,3, p.295.

How Cult Leaders Get and retain Followers

Audiencia previa Master Calendar en proceso deportación

Audiencia previa Master Calendar en proceso deportacià ³n Cuando un migrante recibe una carta citndolo para que se presente en una fecha determinada en corte para el Master Calendar eso significa que se ha iniciado y dado el primer paso en el proceso de deportacià ³n en su contra. Durante este proceso el migrante se juega ganar el derecho a permanecer en EE.UU. o, por el contrario, obtener una orden de remocià ³n. Por ello es importante entender quà © es el Master Calendar y quà © se decide en ese momento, cà ³mo prepararse y casos en los que puede tener lugar un segundo Master Calendar  ¿Quà © es el Master Calendar? El Master Calendar es una audiencia previa en el juicio de deportacià ³n. Unas semanas o meses ms tarde tiene lugar la audiencia propiamente dicha, que es que se conoce en inglà ©s como Individual hearing. Cuando un migrante recibe la carta que se conoce en inglà ©s como Notice to Appear, o por sus siglas NTA, en la que se seà ±ala que debe presentarse en fecha y hora determinada en una Corte de Inmigracià ³n para el Master Calendar. El Master Calendar quiere decir que se ha iniciado contra un migrante un procedimiento de deportacià ³n. Los cargos son los que se seà ±alan en la Notice to Appear, es decir, en la carta en la que se notificà ³ que debà ­a presentarse en Corte para el Master Calendar. En algunos casos los migrantes podrà ­an recibir otro tipo de notificacià ³n. Son ejemplos de cargos los siguientes: ingreso ilegal a EE.UU.permanecer en el paà ­s ms tiempo del permitidoutilizacià ³n de documentos falsosmentir en la aplicacià ³n de un beneficio migratoriocondena por determinados delitos, etc. Los abogados recomiendan nunca reconocer un fraude como, por ejemplo, la utilizacià ³n de documentos falsos.  ¿Quà © sucede en un Master Calendar ante un Juez de Inmigracià ³n? En las audiencias Master Calendar el juez cita a muchos migrantes –pueden ser incluso 30– para que comparezcan en el mismo plazo de tiempo de unas dos horas. Y a partir de ahà ­ ir resolviendo asuntos bsicamente de carcter administrativo. El juez llamar a cada migrante por su nà ºmero de Alien Registration Number y nombre. Cuando se produce el llamado, el inmigrante y, si tiene, su abogado, se levantarn e irn hablar con el juez.  Adems, tambià ©n estar presente al abogado que representa los intereses del gobierno. Se trata de determinar de manera rpida quà © camino va a seguir el proceso de deportacià ³n. Si el inmigrante tiene abogado, de pago o pro bono, lo ms frecuente es que las preguntas las conteste el letrado. El juez va a recordar los cargos contra el migrante, que ya se conocen porque figuran en la carta del Notice to Appear. El inmigrante puede rechazarlos o admitirlos. Tambià ©n puede seà ±alar que hay errores, como por ejemplo, si se dice que entrà ³ en determinada fecha en el paà ­s y la verdadera es otra, es el momento de llamar la atencià ³n del juez sobre eso. A continuacià ³n se establecer cul es el alivio que se va a buscar para luchar contra la deportacià ³n, Por ejemplo, si se solicita asilo, o una  salida voluntaria  o se est en condicià ³n de pedir un  ajuste de estatus, etc. Tambià ©n se van a decidir puntos como la fecha de la vista que se conoce como Individual Hearing y muy posiblemente el juez dà © unos plazos para presentar documentacià ³n para enviar aplicaciones o informacià ³n adicional. Es importante tener a mano un calendario donde anotar las fechas, ya que deben cumplirse todos los plazos. Incluso es posible que se fije una segunda audiencia Master Calendar como, por ejemplo, cuando el migrante todavà ­a no ha encontrado a un abogado que se haga cargo de su caso o cuando el letrado todavà ­a no ha tenido tiempo para beneficiarse con el mismo. Al finalizar la audiencia del Master Calendar se recibir un papel (Notice) donde aparece una nueva fecha: la de la vista individual y, en algunos casos, el de otra audiencia previa. Audiencia de Master Calendar y peticiones de asilo Para los migrantes que solicitan asilo en la audiencia del Master Calendar cabe destacar que si se solicita asilo es conveniente que cuando el juez pregunta a quà © paà ­s se desea ser deportado, si esa es la decisià ³n final del caso, no se diga el paà ­s propio, ya que se considera que el solicitante de asilo tiene miedo de regresar. Hablarlo con un abogado porque podrà ­a ser recomendable guardar silencio ante esa pregunta. Asimismo, si se solicita el asilo debe pedirse, al mismo tiempo, cancelacià ³n de la deportacià ³n conocida en inglà ©s como withholding of removal y tambià ©n la proteccià ³n segà ºn la Convencià ³n de Naciones Unidas en contra de la Tortura. Tambià ©n para los solicitantes de asilo cabe destacar que si se acepta una expulsià ³n rpida conocida en inglà ©s como expedited removal el plazo que se dar para la audiencia principal individual de mà ©ritos es de un mximo de 180 dà ­as a contar desde la fecha en la que se presentà ³ inicialmente la solicitud, lo cual puede ser insuficiente para preparar con garantà ­as el caso de asilo. Pero, por otro lado, si no se acepta el expedited removal el migrante no tendr derecho a obtener un permiso de trabajo mientras el caso se tramita en Corte migratoria. Preparacià ³n para audiencia Master Calendar: quà © llevar y cunto se demora El inmigrante debe presentarse con tiempo y haber planeado el dà ­a de tal manera que sepa que es posible que pase en el edificio de la Corte varias horas, aunque su presencia ante el juez va a durar unos 20 minutos. Para asegurase de llegar a tiempo, consultar la direccià ³n exacta de la corte. Tambià ©n se puede saber el nombre del juez y del administrador de la corte. Ir bien presentado, sin nada que pueda ser considerado un arma, y llevar la carta del Notice to Appear donde se le cita para esa Corte el dà ­a en que se presenta. Llevar tambià ©n un I.D. que puede ser el pasaporte, una licencia de manejar, la matrà ­cula consular, etc. Tambià ©n debe llevarse el original de cualquier documento que se estime, a sugerencia del abogado si se tuviera uno, que servir para ilustrar el alivio de la deportacià ³n que se solicita. Aunque la ley no obliga a llevar abogado es muy recomendable, ya que las estadà ­sticas demuestran que realmente hay una gran diferencia en resultados cuando los migrantes estn debidamente representados por un letrado que conoce las leyes de inmigracià ³n, es honrado y pone tiempo y esfuerzo para entender el caso del cliente y buscar una posible solucià ³n. Se puede ir acompaà ±ado de familiares, pero nunca debe ir a un edificio federal voluntaria un indocumentado, ya que puede ser arrestado. Es recomendable que se queden en casa o esperen fuera del edificio de la Corte. Adems, es mejor que los menores no està ©n dentro de una sala de inmigracià ³n ya que se pueden ver u oà ­r cosas desagradables o muy duras para ellos.  ¿Quà © hacer si no se tiene un buen conocimiento del inglà ©s? Si no se entiende inglà ©s y, por lo tanto, no se tiene comprensià ³n de quà © est sucediendo se puede solicitar un intà ©rprete. Lo ms frecuente es que este servicio se preste por telà ©fono y es totalmente gratuito. No est permitido que el migrante traiga a corte a su propio intà ©rprete. Quà © se puede hacer si los plazos seà ±alados por el juez son muy cortos Puede suceder que el inmigrante no pueda preparar bien su defensa o encontrar y reunir todos los documentos y testigos para respaldar el alivio que se desea pedir en los plazos que fijà ³ el juez de Inmigracià ³n. Si ese es el caso hay que pedir una extensià ³n de los plazos, lo que en inglà ©s se conoce como extension of deadlines. Y, si lo que es necesario es pasar para una fecha ms tarde el individual hearing entonces lo que procede es pedir una audiencia para ms tarde continuance. Es muy importante argumentar bien la razà ³n por la que se necesitan estas nuevas fechas. Si no se hace asà ­, el juez lo va a negar. Tambià ©n en los casos en los que se ha fijado un nuevo Master Calendar, en vez de una Individual Hearing, se puede pedir que se posponga la fecha y tambià ©n a travà ©s de lo que se conoce como continuance. Tambià ©n tiene que estar apoyada esta peticià ³n por alguna razà ³n. Por ejemplo, que se acaba de encontrar abogado y à ©ste todavà ­a no ha tenido tiempo para familiarizarse con el caso. Consecuencias de no presentarse a audiencia Master Calendar No presentarse a un Master Calendar o incluso simplemente llegar tarde, como por ejemplo, por razones de trfico, puede tener consecuencias realmente malas.   Por ejemplo, el juez puede negar toda posible defensa que se pretende argumentar frente a la deportacià ³n. O, incluso, puede dictar una orden de deportacià ³n aunque el migrante no està © presente. Es lo que se conoce como deportacià ³n in absentia. Las personas que no se presentaron a un Master Calendar pueden utilizar un sistema automatizado para saber si tienen una orden de deportacià ³n en su contra. La audiencia individual de mà ©ritos En la audiencia Master Calendar no se presentan testigos ni se interroga al migrante, simplemente es una audiencia previa. Ser ms tarde, en la audiencia individual de mà ©ritos, en la que se desarrolla el juicio y al finalizar la misma el juez determinar si el migrante se puede quedar en EE.UU. o, por el contrario, ordena su remocià ³n. Contra la decisià ³n del juez es posible apelar ante el Board of Immigration Appeals. Master Calendar El Master Calendar es una audiencia previa en el juicio de deportacià ³n de un migrante. En ella el migrante no es interrogado ni se presentan testigo y sirve para establecer cul va a ser su defensa .Para el migrante que no se presenta a una cita en corte para Master Calendar o incluso simplemente llega tarde puede ordenarse su deportacià ³n in absence.No es obligatorio presentarse a la Master Calendar con abogado y el gobierno no paga uno de oficio. Sin embargo, es altamente recomendable contratar a un letrado con excelente reputacià ³n o encontrar uno que trabaje pro bono.Si no se habla inglà ©s con fluidez, solicitar los servicios de un intà ©rprete, que es gratuito. El migrante no est autorizado a presentar a su propio traductor. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Covert Prestige Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Covert Prestige - Essay Example This phenomenon, known as covert prestige, implies that the speaker or organization has a favorable affinity with the minority group that the slang is borrowed from (Savan 65). This gives the audience some instant familiarity with both groups and promotes their sense of fairness and individuality, even while exploiting the concept of race and using a mass marketing technique. However, this instant bonding may be an insult to the outgroup and embarrassing to the speaker. The bond formed by this appropriation of language is a shallow pandering to the fragile white need for acceptance by an out group, as well as having the potential to be insulting and demeaning to black people and their culture. America has witnessed an onslaught of products that have been promoted by loosely linking the product with the black culture through the use of black slang. These products run the gamut from individual promotion to political parties, and from underwear to news items. They are all advertisements used to promote a product or an audience. However, care must be taken when analyzing an advertisement as Savan points out that black talk has become "part and parcel of American talk" and is not easily separated or categorized (Savan 72). A recent promotion for a political segment on FOX News illustrates the multiple factors that need to be considered when using cross-cultural slang for promotion, and the difficulty in effectively implementing it. Figure 1 is a televised byline that was used to promote a FOX News segment that was meant to inform the public of Michelle Obama's impact on the presidential campaign. The byline referred to Ms. Obama as Figure 1 (Koppelman) "Obama's Baby Mama". The phrase is used among the black culture to indicate the unwed mother of someone's child. Used in the black environment it has the potential to be a term of endearment, but may also be an insult and does not stand up to cross-cultural translation. It is in the same class as the 'n' word. Assuming that Fox news would not be so egregious as to blatantly use racism in their broadcasts, it must be that Fox was trying to appropriate a black phrase in an effort to appear to be more black. This effort was not too far from the early 20th century vision of the misguided white men in blackface that used black language to entertain a white audience, and in doing so became a horror show (Savan 75). It was an attempt to show that they understood black culture without any true racial sensitivity. Savan seems to underestimate the potential for racial backlash and contends, "For the most part, that rented association is working" (69). Savan has failed to recognize the importance of cultural and soci al contextualization when evaluating an audience's response to black slang. The Ms. Obama characterization demonstrates the difficulty that advertisers face when trying to capitalize on 'covert prestige'. Some phrases and words have worked their way sufficiently into the mainstream as to have lost much of the African-American monopoly that the words once held. There is some safety in using a word that is connected to a culture, but not owned by them. The phrases 'you go girl' or 'Whassup' may have become sufficiently mainstreamed as to be 'part and parcel' of the American language, but it still requires a degree of cultural sensitivity and knowledge to make